Final answer:
The principle that includes participants' right to fair treatment and their right to privacy in research, and is concerned with the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens, is referred to as the 'principle of justice' in research (C). This principle enforces fair treatment of all participants and ensures that ethical standards such as informed consent and confidentiality are upheld in clinical settings and trials.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to ethical principles in research, focusing on one principle that includes participants' right to fair treatment and their right to privacy. This principle concerns ensuring that all participants in a research study receive equitable treatment and that the benefits and burdens of the research are fairly distributed. For example, in a clinical trial, this may involve using a waitlist control group, where some participants receive the intervention immediately while others are placed on a waiting list. The correct option that encompasses the equitable distribution of benefits and burdens of research, as well as the right to fair treatment and privacy of participants, is C) Justice in research.
The principle of justice in research mandates that researchers treat all participants with respect, guarding their privacy and ensuring that no group is unduly burdened or exclusively benefited by the research. Issues like voluntary participation, confidentiality, informed consent, and minimizing risks while maximizing benefits are central to upholding this ethical standard.
When conducting research, the institutional oversight, usually by an Institutional Review Board (IRB), ensures that ethical guidelines are upheld, and that the safety, privacy, and informed consent of participants are maintained throughout the study.