Final answer:
Aaron Swartz was the individual who tried to make scientific papers public and faced legal consequences before taking his own life. Alan Turing was responsible for building the Enigma decoding machine and is considered the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individual who tried to make scientific papers public, was arrested, and subsequently took his own life was Aaron Swartz. He was a computer programmer and activist who believed strongly in the free distribution of scholarly information. Swartz was involved in developing RSS, Markdown, and the social news site Reddit, among other projects. However, he faced legal issues when he used MIT's computer network to download a large number of articles from JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, with the intent of distributing them freely. He was arrested in 2011 and faced numerous charges, including wire fraud and computer fraud. In 2013, before his trial could take place, Aaron Swartz took his own life.
In contrast, Alan Turing was the scientist mainly responsible for building the Enigma decoding machine. Turing is considered the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. Despite his significant contributions, he faced government prosecution for homosexual acts in the UK in 1952. He chose chemical castration over prison and died in 1954 from cyanide poisoning.