Final answer:
Postmodernist theorists challenged Max Weber's claim that modern society is rational, arguing that society is marked by fragmentation and diverse perspectives.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theorists who challenged Max Weber's claim that modern society is rational are the d. Postmodernist theorists. Postmodernists critique the Enlightenment's emphasis on reason, and the narratives of progress that emerged from the Enlightenment tradition and continued through modern sociological theories. While Weber himself critiqued aspects of modern rationality, suggesting that it could lead to an iron cage of bureaucracy and disenchantment, it was the postmodernists who thoroughly deconstructed the notion of objective rationality and proposed that modern society is characterized by fragmentation, contradictions, and diverse perspectives rather than a single, overarching rationality.