Final answer:
Interferons are proteins that are host-specific but not virus-specific, and play a critical role in defending against many types of viral infections by slowing viral replication and modulating the immune response.
Step-by-step explanation:
Interferons are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells. In the context of viral infections, interferons play a crucial role. They are known to be host-specific but not virus-specific. This means they can protect any host cell against a wide range of viruses. When a cell is infected with a virus, it will release interferons that cause nearby cells to heighten their antiviral defenses. Interferons aid in the immune response by slowing viral replication and modulating the activity of the immune system.
Interferons have been used in the treatment of several viral infections, such as hepatitis B and C. They do not eliminate the virus completely; instead, they reduce the viral replication enough to allow the immune system, particularly cytotoxic T cells, to fight the infection. It is important to note that while interferons can be used against viral infections effectively, they are not a cure-all solution. The option of using antiviral drugs exists as well, which target vital proteins in the virus to prevent it from proliferating without harming the host cells.