Final answer:
The correct option is c. The complementary mRNA to a DNA sequence is found by using base pairing rules, and this mRNA is then translated into an amino acid sequence using a codon chart. The correct complementary DNA strand can be identified similarly. Mutations in DNA can be analyzed by comparing original and mutated sequences.
Step-by-step explanation:
To determine the sequence of mRNA that is complementary to a given DNA sequence, we follow the base pairing rules where adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U) in RNA, and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). For the DNA sequence 3'...GCT GTC AAA TTC GAT...5', the complementary mRNA sequence would be 5'...CGA CAG UUU AAG CUA...3'. To translate this mRNA into an amino acid sequence, we use the genetic code to match each codon (triplet of nucleotides) to its corresponding amino acid. Imagine a chart of codons is available in your text; you would translate the mRNA codons to determine the sequence of amino acids.
For a given DNA sequence, like 5'-ATTCCGGATCGA-3', the complementary DNA strand would maintain the base pairing rules of A with T and C with G. Therefore, the correct complementary DNA sequence is 3'-TAAGGCCTAGCT-5' (Option C). If a DNA segment is 3'-TACTGACTGACGATC-5', after recognizing this as the template strand, the complementary DNA sequence would be 5'-ATGACTGACTAG-3'. For transcription, the corresponding mRNA sequence would start with 3'...AUG ACU GAC UAG..., which can then be translated into an amino acid sequence. The type of mutation present can be deduced by comparing the original and mutated sequences.