Final answer:
Rosiglitazone has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, which led to its reduced use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. In contrast, sulfonylureas like gliclazide can cause hypoglycemia, a condition that Arya experienced. Pharmacogenetics is key in understanding individual responses to diabetes medications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Rosiglitazone is no longer indicated for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMII) primarily due to the increased risk of cardiovascular events. Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione, which acts as an insulin sensitizer by binding to PPAR receptors in fat cells and making the body more sensitive to insulin. However, studies have linked rosiglitazone to an increased risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular complications. In contrast, Arya was prescribed gliclazide, a sulfonylurea, which works differently by stimulating the beta cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin. However, as Arya experienced, one of the major side effects of sulfonylureas can be hypoglycemia, which is characterized by symptoms that may include feelings of hunger, sweating, shakiness, and weakness. Arya's doctor explained that pharmacogenetics plays a role in how individuals respond to different medications, which is an important consideration in managing diabetes and preventing adverse effects like hypoglycemia or cardiovascular events. This individual response can be due to genetic differences affecting drug metabolism and efficacy.