Final answer:
Disruptive innovation is the type that uses new technologies to challenge and eventually take over existing markets from the bottom up (option A). It can change industry operations and create new markets, as seen with personal computers, cloud storage, digital photography, and ride-sharing services.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of innovation that uses new technologies to invade an existing market from the bottom up is known as Disruptive innovation. Disruptive innovation represents products, services, or processes that significantly alter the operations within an industry or create entirely new markets. For instance, the personal computer was a disruptive technology that initially targeted home users and hobbyists without directly competing with mainframe and minicomputers. However, with technological advancements, personal computers have largely displaced minicomputers and are starting to supersede mainframe computers in many applications.
Examples of disruptive products include cloud-based storage platforms such as G Drive and iCloud, which have considerably decreased the demand for portable physical storage. Another example is the triumph of digital photography over film-based cameras, which rapidly changed and ultimately led to the decline of the film photography industry. Similarly, ride-sharing services have dramatically impacted the traditional taxi and limousine services. Technologies like blockchain, 3D printing, and augmented reality are likely to have significant disruptive effects on various industries as they continue to develop.
Hence, the answer is option A.