Final answer:
A cleft lip is a developmental defect where the upper lip does not properly fuse in utero, leading to a gap, and it is referred to as a cleft lip and palate.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term given to the genetic malformation commonly known as a cleft lip is cleft lip and palate. This condition is a result of a developmental defect that affects roughly 1 in 1000 births, typically more prevalent in males. A cleft lip occurs when there's a partial or complete failure of the right and left portions of the upper lip to fuse together, leaving a visible gap.
In comparison, a cleft palate is a more severe condition that affects the hard palate, which is the bony structure separating the nasal cavity from the oral cavity. Affecting about 1 in 2500 births and more common in females, a cleft palate arises from the failure of the two halves of the hard palate to join and fuse at the midline.
If untreated, these conditions can lead to difficulties with feeding and nutrition, speech, and can increase the risk of ear infections and dental problems. Surgical procedures are often required to correct these defects and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.