Final answer:
Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been criticized for underestimating young children's cognitive abilities, underemphasizing the role of social interactions, and suggesting discrete stages of development instead of a more continuous progression.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has been criticized for several reasons. One notable criticism is that Piaget overestimated the capabilities of young children. However, this criticism is the opposite of the truth; in fact, Piaget has been accused of underestimating young children's cognitive abilities, as further research suggests children reach cognitive milestones earlier than he proposed.
Another criticism is that Piaget viewed the developing child in relative isolation from his or her family, community, and culture. This perspective overlooks the significant role that social interactions play in a child's cognitive development, something later researchers have emphasized more strongly.
Last, the mechanisms specified by Piaget for moving from one stage to another in his theory have also been questioned. Current studies support a model of development that is more continuous rather than Piaget's discrete stages, signaling different mechanisms at work in cognitive development.
Answer: a. Piaget overestimated the capabilities of young children.