Final answer:
Option a, c, e and f are the correct answer. The Mycenaean Civilization interacted with and was influenced by Egyptian and Mesopotamian cultures; their end came following the Bronze Age collapse, which may involve invasions including by the Dorians, and they fought in the Trojan War, as retold in Greek epic poetry. They were also based in city-states throughout the Greek mainland.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Mycenaean Civilization is known for several key characteristics, and we can evaluate the options provided to determine their validity:
- (a) They absorbed Egyptian and Mesopotamian customs: This is true. As seafaring traders, the Mycenaeans had interactions with various civilizations of the eastern Mediterranean, including Egypt and Mesopotamia, and they absorbed influences from these cultures.
- (c) Their civilization ended after attacks from the Dorians: This is one of the theories for the decline of the Mycenaean civilization, as it was likely part of the wider Bronze Age collapse that included invasions by so-called Sea Peoples and internal conflicts.
- (e) They fought the Trojan War: According to Homer's epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey, the Mycenaeans were involved in the Trojan War, and archaeological evidence suggests a war did occur around that time.
- (f) They lived in city-states on the Greek mainland: This is true. Mycenaean culture was centered on citadel sites on the Greek mainland and they governed surrounding territories from these fortifications.
Options (b) and (d) are not as clear-cut. A volcanic eruption, earthquake, or tsunami is not the primary accepted reason for their decline (option b), and while they were an early Greek civilization, they were not the earliest, since the Minoans preceded them (option d).