Final answer:
Exercise and nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) are components of total energy expenditure that can be controlled by an individual to influence their metabolic rate and energy balance for goals like weight management.
Step-by-step explanation:
Of the components that make up one's total energy expenditure, the part that can be controlled by the person includes both exercise and nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT). Basal metabolism, or basal metabolic rate (BMR), and thermic effect of food are not directly controllable as they are mostly determined by innate factors such as age, genetic predisposition, gender, and body composition. Exercise refers to the structured and planned physical activities one engages in, like running, swimming, or weight lifting, while NEAT encompasses the energy expended during daily, non-planned activities such as walking, fidgeting, or household chores. Both exercise and NEAT are within an individual's control and can be adjusted to influence total energy expenditure for goals such as weight management.