Final answer:
The correct answer is C. Experimental research, which is a research method where an independent variable is manipulated to observe its effect on a dependent variable, with the presence of a control group to ensure accurate causality determination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The research method that includes the manipulation of one or more independent variables in attempts to determine causality is C. Experimental research. In this type of research, an independent variable is manipulated by the researcher to observe the effect on a dependent variable. To ensure that the results are due to the manipulation of the independent variable only, other variables are held constant. This control is often achieved with the presence of a control group, which does not receive the experimental manipulation but is otherwise treated the same as the experimental group. This method is distinguished from observational studies and surveys, where researchers do not manipulate variables but rather observe naturally occurring phenomena or collect data through questionnaires.