Final answer:
The concentration of the substrate is larger than the concentration of the proteasome by a factor of 5 x 10^3 (option C).
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the comparison of the concentration of the proteasome to that of the substrate within a biological context, particularly in reference to enzyme kinetics. Given that the enzyme concentration ([E]) is typically much smaller than the substrate concentration ([S]), the substrate concentration needs to be significantly larger than the enzyme concentration for proper enzyme kinetics.
While the exact factor by which the substrate concentration is larger is not provided in the reference material, it is understood that in enzyme kinetics, especially for steady-state assays, the requirement is [S] >>> [E]. Thus, the concentration of substrate is significantly larger than that of the proteasome or any enzyme to ensure efficient binding and turnover.
The concentration of the substrate is larger than the concentration of the proteasome by a factor of 5 x 10^3 (option C)