Final answer:
D. Le Châtelier's principle.The continuous removal of ammonia in industrial processes like the Haber-Bosch process is an application of Le Châtelier's principle, which drives the reaction forward to produce more ammonia.
Step-by-step explanation:
In industrial use, such as in the Haber-Bosch process, ammonia is continuously removed from the reaction mixture to drive the reaction towards product formation according to Le Châtelier's principle. This principle states that if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium moves to counteract the change. By continuously removing ammonia, the system compensates by shifting the reaction to produce more ammonia, thus favoring the forward reaction and increasing the yield of ammonia production.
This process operates at high pressures to further shift the equilibrium to the right, favoring the formation of ammonia. However, while low temperatures would also favor the production of ammonia for this exothermic reaction, the rate of reaction would be too slow, which is why a catalyst is used to increase the rate of reaction at a moderately high temperature instead.