Final answer:
A Spanning Tree in networking context refers to the Spanning Tree Protocol, which is designed to prevent bridge loops in Ethernet networks. It does not discover information about adjacent devices. That's a function of Cisco Discovery Protocol, not STP.
Step-by-step explanation:
A Spanning Tree is a subtree of a graph that includes all the vertices of the graph with the minimum possible number of edges. In a network context, Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used as a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The primary purpose of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. It selects the optimal path through a network by destructively pruning down to a spanning tree. This is accomplished by electing a root bridge and then allowing for the calculation of the shortest path from all network switches to the root bridge. All redundant paths that could potentially cause a loop are disabled, ensuring efficient data routing within a network.
However, the characteristics of Spanning Tree mentioned in the question seem to be confused with another protocol. The description, 'used to discover information about an adjacent Cisco device', more accurately describes the functionality of the Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), not Spanning Tree. CDP is a Cisco proprietary protocol that is used on all Cisco-manufactured devices including routers, bridges, access servers, and switches. It enables networking devices to share information about themselves with other directly connected devices on the network, thus facilitating simpler management of Cisco devices by collecting network topology data.