Final answer:
The type of breathing used to energize the body, quiet the mind, and clarify perception is Pranayama, which is a conscious breathing practice from yoga. It should not be confused with hyperventilation or apnea, as these have different effects on the body. Pranayama is used for improving overall well-being.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of breathing used to help energize the body, quiet the mind, and clarify perception is b) Pranayama. This practice originates from yoga and involves the conscious awareness and control of the breath. Pranayama techniques can include varying the pace and depth of breathing, which can positively affect the body and mind.
Diaphragmatic breathing is also a deep breathing exercise that engages the diaphragm and can induce relaxation and stress reduction. It differs from hyperventilation and apnea; hyperventilation is rapid and shallow breathing that can disrupt the body's balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide, leading to increased blood pH, and apnea involves periods of no breathing. Unlike these, pranayama is practiced to improve mental, physical, and spiritual well-being.
When discussing the mechanics of breathing, during inhalation, the diaphragm moves downward, which creates a partial vacuum in the thoracic cavity, allowing outside air to flow into the lungs. Conversely, during exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, helping to push air out of the lungs.