Final answer:
The key points provided do not include the exact number of studios using the daguerreotype process in New York City by the early 1850s. The daguerreotype, introduced by Louis Daguerre, was a significant advancement in photographic technology, notable for producing sharp, single positive images, although they could not be reproduced. Other processes, such as Talbot's calotype, offered the ability to create multiple prints from a single negative.
Step-by-step explanation:
By the early 1850s, the daguerreotype process had gained significant popularity, particularly in cities like New York where demand for photographic portraiture surged. However, the question about the exact number of studios in New York City using the daguerreotype process is not provided in the key points. Founded by Louis Daguerre after his collaboration with Joseph Nicephore Niepce, daguerreotypes were distinct for producing a single positive image on a polished copper plate treated with silver iodide. Despite the daguerreotype's sharper focus and reduced exposure times compared to previous methods, it was limited by the inability to reproduce images. Competition arose with the creation of other photographic processes like William Henry Fox Talbot's calotype, which allowed for multiple prints from a single negative.
The daguerreotype became the most popular and affordable photographic method for the general public during the late 1800s and early 1900s. Daguerre's focus on creating a lasting image can be seen in photographs like 'Boulevard du Temple' from 1838, where the long exposure time resulted in vacant streets, capturing only those who remained stationary for a sufficient duration. This image displayed how photography had evolved but also highlighted the need for further technological advancements in this field.