Final answer:
Aggression in humans is influenced by both innate tendencies and environmental or cultural factors, with gender differences noted in the expression of aggression.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Human Aggression
Research on the biology of aggression has provided insights into the interplay between our genetic makeup and the environment in shaping aggressive behavior.
According to the information provided, while humans are not inherently aggressive, there is an innate tendency to behave aggressively in response to perceived threats.
This suggests that elements of both nature and nurture influence aggression, supporting the view that aggression arises from a combination of innate predispositions and cultural or environmental factors.
Sexual jealousy and the desire for dominance, which are observed in both human males and nonhuman male primates, highlight the evolutionary aspects of aggression.
Moreover, gender differences in aggression are noted, with men often exhibiting more physical forms of aggression while women tend towards more indirect methods.
Variations in the expression of aggression between boys and girls can also reflect social roles and cultural influences. This is illustrated in a Kenyan village study where boys' aggression levels were reduced when they were involved in traditionally 'feminine' tasks.
On the other hand, controversies exist regarding the role of testosterone in aggression, with some studies unable to establish a clear link.
The sociobiological approach to aggression, which emphasizes genetic and evolutionary factors, is subject to criticism for downplaying the role of the environment. This relates to the broader nature versus nurture debate in psychology.