Final answer:
The transfer of classified information to an unauthorized recipient represents a security breach, a serious offense that can compromise national security.
Step-by-step explanation:
The communication or physical transfer of classified information to an unauthorized recipient is known as a security breach. This occurs when information that should be protected for reasons of national security is exposed to individuals without the necessary clearance or authorization. Such breaches can have serious implications for the security and safety of a nation, as they may lead to sensitive information falling into the wrong hands.
The other options listed serve different purposes in the context of managing classified information:
- Declassification is the process in which classified information is officially declared to no longer require protection from unauthorized disclosure.
- Downgrading refers to lowering the classification level of information to a less sensitive category.
- Controlled disclosure is the release of classified information within controlled environments to individuals who have the necessary clearance.