Question

Indicate if the type of speciation described is allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric.

1. two populations occupy overlapping ranges, so a limited amount of interbreeding occurs.
2. a small founding population separates from the main population.
3. within a population occupying a single habitat in a range, a small group evolves into a reproductively isolated species.
4. two large populations are separated by geographic barriers.

Answer 1

Speciation types described are parapatric when two populations have overlapping ranges with some interbreeding, allopatric when populations are geographically separated, and sympatric when a subgroup within one habitat becomes reproductively isolated without physical separation.

Step-by-step explanation:

The type of speciation described can be indicated as follows:

1. Parapatric speciation: Two populations occupy overlapping ranges with limited interbreeding.
2. Allopatric speciation: A small founding population separates from the main population.
3. Sympatric speciation: Within a single habitat, a small group evolves into a reproductively isolated species.
4. Allopatric speciation: Two large populations are separated by geographic barriers.

Speciation is the process by which new species arise. Allopatric speciation occurs due to geographic separation that prevents gene flow between populations, leading to independent evolutionary paths. Sympatric speciation happens without geographic separation; instead, it may be due to genetic differences such as polyploidy within a shared habitat. Parapatric speciation involves neighboring populations becoming distinct species while maintaining a region of overlap where limited interbreeding may occur.