Final answer:
The U.S. military ended segregation of soldiers based on race in 1950 following President Truman's issuance of Executive Order 9981 in July 1948, which called for equal treatment and opportunity in the military.
Step-by-step explanation:
The army ended segregation of soldiers based on race in 1950 due to Executive Order 9981, which was issued by President Truman in July 1948. This Executive Order was a pivotal move in response to pressure from black leaders and organizations like the NAACP. It declared segregation in the military to be over and paved the way for equal opportunity within the armed forces, irrespective of race, ethnicity, religion, or national origins. Implementation took time, and by mid-1950s the U.S. military achieved full integration.