Final answer:
During the Industrial stage of the Demographic Transition Model, both birth and death rates fall due to advancements in health care and socio-economic changes, leading to stabilized or even declining population growth as societies transition from agrarian to urban consumer economies.
Step-by-step explanation:
Industrial Stage of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
During the Industrial stage of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM), significant changes occur in population dynamics. This stage is characterized by a decline in both birth and death rates due to industrialization and urbanization. As countries move through this stage, they experience a transition from high birth and death rates to lower rates. This is a result of improved medical care, better sanitation, and other health advancements that decrease the death rate. Moreover, socio-economic changes lead to smaller family sizes, as children become more of an economic cost rather than an asset, spurring a decrease in birth rates.
Specifically, in stage four of the DTM, the birth rate declines to a point where it aligns with the death rate, leading to the stabilization of population growth rates. In certain instances, a fifth stage is recognized where the birth rate falls even further, potentially leading to a negative population growth as observed in countries like Japan and some in Europe. The underlying factors include enhanced women's reproductive rights, increased standard of living, and the shift from an agrarian economy to an urban consumer economy.