Final answer:
Technological advancements, medical advances, increased food production, development of contraception, and migration are the main factors that have allowed human population increase.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main factors that have allowed human population increase include technological advancements, medical advances, increased food production, development of contraception, and migration.
Technological increases in food production have resulted in both the quantity and quality of calories produced per person increasing. Human ingenuity has also led to the development of new medicine to prevent deaths from diseases. Additionally, the widespread use of contraception and other forms of family planning has helped decrease the rate of population growth.
Another factor is migration. Humans have migrated from Africa to nearly all inhabitable land on Earth, increasing the area that has been colonized. Public health measures, such as improved sanitation and the use of antibiotics and vaccines, have also played a role in decreasing the impact of infectious diseases on population growth.