Final answer:
The effective parameters for hot air sterilization are temperature and time, crucial for sterilizing materials that may be damaged by moisture or that are impermeable to steam in methods such as autoclaving. The correct option is (b)
Step-by-step explanation:
The effective parameters for hot air sterilization are temperature and time. Hot air sterilization uses high temperatures for long periods, at least 2 hours at temperatures up to 170°C, to achieve microbial control. This method is employed when moist-heat sterilization is not suitable, as high temperatures might damage the materials or steam may fail to penetrate effectively. Dry-heat methods, such as hot air ovens, are effective at killing spores and are often a preferred choice for sterilizing heat-resistant items that are impermeable to steam.
In contrast to dry heat, autoclaving, a form of moist-heat sterilization, typically operates at 121°C or 132°C, with a specific pressure and exposure time to ensure the elimination of all microbial life, including endospores. Autoclaving is the most effective method of sterilization as the pressure allows for temperatures above the boiling point of water, but it may not be suitable for materials sensitive to moisture or high pressure.