Final answer:
Genetically modifying human eggs and sperms may directly affect future generations since the changes are inheritable. Ethical considerations include the impact on genetic diversity and potential societal inequalities that could arise. Gene editing can offer benefits, such as disease prevention, but must be carefully regulated.
Step-by-step explanation:
Genetically modifying human eggs and sperms can indeed directly affect future generations, as these modifications are made at the germ-line level. This means that any changes that occur are inheritable and can become part of the human gene pool. When we consider the ethical and societal implications of genetic engineering, it is vital to distinguish between somatic cell interventions (which are not inherited) and germ-line interventions.
The latter raises significant ethical concerns because future generations cannot consent to these modifications, and it may lead to a reduction in human genetic diversity. Consequently, if unregulated, such technology may decrease the adaptability of the human species and increase vulnerability to unknown diseases. Gene editing also offers potential benefits, such as the prevention of genetic diseases and disabilities, which could enhance quality of life.
Potential ethical questions regarding genetics and medical technology might include: How should traits be selected ethically? What constitutes a 'positive' genetic trait? And how might genetic choices impact society and issues of inequality?