Final answer:
The mineral property defined as the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water is known as specific gravity, a dimensionless number indicating a substance's relative heaviness compared to water.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mineral property defined by the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water (1.0 g/cm3) is known as specific gravity. It is a dimensionless number that represents how much heavier or lighter a substance is compared to water. Since the specific gravity is the ratio of the densities, it does not include units.
The density of a substance, which is an intensive property, is its mass per unit volume and is usually expressed in g/cm3 or g/mL. This value does not depend on the amount of material present in the sample; it remains constant regardless of the sample size.