Main Answer:
D) Tend to enjoy economic benefits as a result; harmful economic costs.
Therefore, the correct answer is D).
Step-by-step explanation:
Countries with high union membership, as indicated by the choice "D," tend to enjoy economic benefits, but this is not without harmful economic costs. Unionized workforces often secure better wages and improved working conditions, contributing to a more robust middle class and increased consumer spending. This positive impact on the economy is the basis for the selection of "economic benefits" in the answer.
However, it's crucial to acknowledge the potential drawbacks. While unions can enhance worker rights, they may also lead to increased costs for businesses, potentially affecting competitiveness and overall economic efficiency. The balance between the advantages of strong unions and the potential economic costs is delicate and varies across different economic and political contexts.
In certain situations, the demands made by powerful unions can result in economic challenges such as higher production costs, potential job losses, or reduced business flexibility.
Therefore, the correct answer is D).