Final answer:
The Evolutionary species concept is the one based on the separate evolution of lineages, as it defines a species by its distinct evolutionary pathway.
Correct answer is b)
Step-by-step explanation:
The question asks which species concept is based on the separate evolution of lineages.
The correct answer is b) Evolutionary species concept, which defines a species as a lineage (an ancestral-descendant sequence of populations) evolving separately from others and with its own unitary evolutionary roles and tendencies.
The biological species concept, on the other hand, is based on breeding behavior and reproductive isolation, which can be problematic when applied to the fossil record.
The ecological species concept emphasizes the role of natural selection in maintaining species boundaries.
However, the given question specifically pertains to the separate evolution of lineages, which is best captured by the evolutionary species concept.
correct answer is b)