Final answer:
To synthesize 3-phenylpropan-1-ol using benzene or toluene, start with benzene and use acetic acid and sodium permanganate as reagents. To synthesize 3-nitro-5-bromobenzoic acid, start with toluene and use nitric acid and bromine as reagents. To synthesize 4-butylphenol, start with benzene and use butyl bromide and a strong base.
Step-by-step explanation:
To synthesize 3-phenylpropan-1-ol using benzene or toluene, we can start with benzene and use acetic acid and sodium permanganate as reagents. The first step is to convert benzene to acetophenone using a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction. Acetophenone is then reduced to 1-phenyl-2-propanol using sodium borohydride. Finally, the compound is further reduced to 3-phenylpropan-1-ol using hydrogenation.
To synthesize 3-nitro-5-bromobenzoic acid, we can start with toluene and use nitric acid and bromine as reagents. The first step is to substitute one hydrogen atom on toluene with a bromine atom using free radical bromination. The resulting compound is then nitrated using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The nitro group is then reduced to an amine group using hydrogenation. Lastly, the amine group is oxidized to a carboxylic acid using potassium permanganate or sodium dichromate.
To synthesize 4-butylphenol, we can start with benzene and use butyl bromide and a strong base such as sodium hydroxide. The first step is to substitute one hydrogen atom on benzene with a butyl group using an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. The resulting compound is then oxidized to a phenol using a mixture of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid. Finally, the butyl group is reduced to a hydroxyl group using hydrogenation.