Final answer:
The pathogen responsible for causing anthrax is Bacillus anthracis. This endospore-forming, gram-positive bacterium is hardy and can lead to severe and potentially fatal diseases in both animals and humans, especially when inhaled. Other bacteria listed are associated with different types of diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Bacillus anthracis, which is the microorganism responsible for the disease anthrax. Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that forms endospores, making it highly resilient in various environments. When these endospores enter a host, such as cattle or humans, they can germinate and cause fatal diseases if left untreated. The pathogen can infect through cutaneous, inhalation, or gastrointestinal routes, with inhalation being the most deadly form. It leads to severe symptoms including high fever, difficulty breathing, and potential multi-organ failure.
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease and a serious concern for both animals and humans. Meanwhile, other bacteria listed in the options, such as Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica, cause different types of infections, such as food poisoning, gas gangrene, and gastroenteritis, respectively. Regulations by various governmental agencies ensure that foods are checked for such pathogens to prevent foodborne illnesses.