Final answer:
Short-term pain typically induces fear, which is part of the fight or flight response. Long-term pain has the potential to create either resilience or demoralization, depending on how it is managed and the support received.
Step-by-step explanation:
In response to the question about the effects of pain in the short and long term, one can consider both physiological and psychological responses. In the short term, pain often provokes a fight or flight response, which may manifest as a feeling of fear. This response is an immediate reaction to a perceived threat, designed to prepare the body for quick action. However, if pain persists in the long term, it can lead to more complex emotional states such as resilience or demoralization. Resilience might develop as an individual learns to cope and manage chronic pain, but without proper support or relief, long-term pain can certainly lead to demoralization, a state of feeling hopeless and deflated.
The correct answer to the fill-in-the-blank question is B) Fear, resilience. Initially, pain produces a feeling of fear, which is a natural reaction to a threat. Over time, as one struggles with chronic pain, the individual may develop resilience, adapting to the discomfort and finding ways to cope and manage their pain. However, it's equally important to acknowledge that chronic pain without relief can lead to demoralization, affecting a person's mental health and well-being.