Final answer:
The non-opioid among the listed drugs is Gabapentin. While the other drugs (Morphine, Codeine, Fentanyl, and Tramadol) are opioids used for pain relief, Gabapentin is primarily utilized to treat seizures and neuropathic pain and does not act on opioid receptors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The non-opioid among the options provided is E. Gabapentin.
Opioids are a class of drugs that includes substances such as heroin, codeine, fentanyl, and morphine, which are known for their pain-relieving (analgesic) properties.
They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and other parts of the body, leading to a decrease in the perception of pain and often a sense of euphoria.
Options A (Morphine), B (Codeine), C (Fentanyl), and D (Tramadol) are all considered opioids.
Morphine and codeine are both derived from the opium poppy plant and are commonly prescribed for various levels of pain relief. Fentanyl and tramadol are synthetic opioids that also serve as powerful painkillers.
Gabapentin, on the other hand, is not classified as an opioid. It is a medication primarily used to treat seizures and neuropathic pain, and it works differently from opioids.
While it does have some analgesic effects, it does not bind to opioid receptors and is not derived from opium.
Therefore, Gabapentin does not fall under the opioid category and lacks the typical abuse potential associated with opioids.