Final answer:
To determine the amount of heat produced in the reactions, apply the appropriate formulas involving mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change. For the reaction of NaOH with HCl, the heat released is -5,600 J (exothermic reaction). Other reactions involve calculations using specific heat capacities of substances like air, water, and aluminum.
Step-by-step explanation:
To calculate the amount of heat produced in a chemical reaction, we use different equations depending on the context. For example, heat transfer in a chemical reaction at constant pressure can be represented by q = m · C · ΔT, where q is the heat transfer, m is the mass, C is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Calculating the heat for both reactions mentioned:
- Heat released in the reaction of NaOH with HCl: The enthalpy change (ΔH) is given as -5,600 J. Therefore, the amount of heat produced by the reaction is 5,600 J released into the surroundings.
- Heat transfer from the change in air temperature: Using the formula q = m · C · ΔT, the calculation is (836 kg)(1000 J/kg°C)(10.0°C) = 8.36 × 10⁶ J.
- Heat transferred to the water: The calculation is (0.250 kg)(4186 J/kg°C)(60.0°C) = 62.8 kJ.
- Heat transferred to the aluminum: The calculation uses the specific heat for aluminum, (0.500 kg)(900 J/kg°C)(60.0°C) = 27.0 × 10⁴ J = 27.0 kJ.
Remember, the enthalpy change (ΔH) reflects whether heat is absorbed or released. A negative value, such as -5,600 J, indicates an exothermic reaction where heat is released.