Answer: The Golgi Apparatus works in conjunction with the rough ER to package and ship new proteins to their appropriate sites within the cell or for secretion out of the cell. It modifies, sorts, and packages the proteins received from the rough ER before sending them to their final destinations. Therefore, the correct answer is B) Golgi Apparatus.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organelle that works with the rough ER to package and ship new proteins to appropriate sites within the cell or for secretion out of the cell is the Golgi Apparatus.
The rough ER, or rough endoplasmic reticulum, is responsible for synthesizing proteins. After protein synthesis, the proteins are transported to the Golgi Apparatus, which is a flattened stack of membrane-bound sacs called cisternae. The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages these proteins before sending them to their final destinations.
Here is a step-by-step explanation of how the Golgi Apparatus works with the rough ER to package and ship new proteins:
1) Protein synthesis: Ribosomes on the rough ER synthesize proteins based on the instructions encoded in the DNA. These proteins are initially created as polypeptide chains.
2) Vesicle formation: Once the proteins are synthesized, they are transported from the rough ER to the Golgi Apparatus in small membrane-bound sacs called transport vesicles.
3) Golgi Apparatus structure: The Golgi Apparatus consists of several stacks of cisternae, which are flattened membrane sacs. It has distinct regions, including the cis Golgi network (closest to the rough ER), the medial Golgi, and the trans Golgi network (closest to the plasma membrane).
4) Protein modification: As the transport vesicles fuse with the Golgi Apparatus, the proteins are modified. This may involve adding sugar molecules (glycosylation) or other chemical modifications to the proteins.
5) Sorting and packaging: The Golgi Apparatus acts as a sorting center, directing proteins to their appropriate destinations within the cell or for secretion out of the cell. It packages the modified proteins into vesicles for transportation.
6) Vesicle trafficking: The Golgi Apparatus releases the newly packaged proteins in vesicles that bud off from its trans Golgi network. These vesicles can then move to different parts of the cell, delivering the proteins to specific organelles or transporting them to the cell membrane for secretion outside the cell.