Final answer:
The boy pushing a box up a ramp does not need to apply a force equal to 1/3 of the box's weight due to the mechanical advantage of the ramp, making the statement false. The statement is true
Step-by-step explanation:
The question addresses whether a force of exactly 100 N was applied by a boy pushing a box weighing 300 N up a ramp that is 1.0 m in height and 3.0 m in length. The exercise described is a classic scenario involving inclined planes in physics. It's important to note that the force applied by the person would not necessarily be equal to the vertical component of the weight of the box due to the mechanical advantage provided by the ramp. This means that the actual force that the boy needs to apply to move the box up the ramp is less than the weight of the box due to the distribution of the force over the length of the ramp. Hence, the statement is false.
The question about an eccentric inventor deals with electrostatic forces. The scenario in which the inventor charges himself negatively and the ceiling positively would result in an attractive force between the charges. However, the outcome where his clothes fly off does mean there is a significant repulsion taking place. The question does not provide enough detail on the mechanisms behind the clothes being repelled, but it could illustrate an exaggerated version of electric fields in action.
As for the final exercise, it regards a historical fact about Francis Cabot Lowell and the establishment of the first integrated textile mill in New England. The statement is true; Lowell is credited with introducing the integrated mill system to the United States, which significantly impacted the Industrial Revolution in America.