Final answer:
option a,The limitation of gaseous agents is their limited penetration, making them most suitable for surface disinfection. Peroxygens like hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid are effective disinfectants.
Step-by-step explanation:
The limitation of gaseous agents for controlling microbial growth is their limited penetration; they are primarily used for surface disinfection. Gaseous sterilants like ethylene oxide can permeate heat-sensitive packaged materials, but drawbacks such as explosive and carcinogenic properties must be considered. Peroxygens, including hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid, are strong oxidizing agents that serve as effective disinfectants and antiseptics. They break down into environmentally safe compounds, making them a preferred choice for various applications.
Hydrogen peroxide is a commonly used household disinfectant because of its affordability and its breakdown into water and oxygen, both environmentally friendly byproducts. However, when used as an antiseptic on skin, it can cause damage that may delay healing or lead to scarring. Peracetic acid, in both liquid and plasma form, is an effective sterilant that readily kills endospores and is not easily inactivated by catalases and peroxidases.
Supercritical carbon dioxide is another gaseous agent used for the sterilization of medical devices and implants. Its nonreactive, nontoxic, nonflammable properties, and effectiveness at low temperatures make it an excellent sterilizing agent for sensitive materials.