Final answer:
Natamycin is an antifungal macrolide antibiotic used to prevent mold growth in cheese and soft drinks, alongside other preservatives like sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate for preventing spoilage in foods.
Step-by-step explanation:
The chemical used to prevent molds from growing in cheese and soft drinks is often natamycin, which is an antifungal macrolide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces natalensis. It is particularly used in various types of dairy products such as cottage cheese, sliced cheese, and shredded cheese. Aside from natamycin, other chemical preservatives like sorbic acid, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate are also used in the food industry to inhibit microbial growth and minimize spoilage.
Natamycin has the advantage of being a potent antifungal agent that is approved by the FDA and can be used effectively for food preservation. However, it is essential to note that while natamycin is effective against fungi, other preservatives like sulfites and nitrites are used for their antioxidant properties or to maintain color and flavor in foods such as meats and wines, although they can have negative health effects in some individuals, such as asthmatic reactions or the formation of carcinogenic substances when cooked.