Final answer:
d) polymorphic transition describes the significant structural reorganization in polymorphs, with hydrolysis often occurring during polymer breakdown, requiring energy known as bond energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The transformation in polymorphs that requires complete structural reorganization, including bond breaking and reforming, and which necessitates significant energy for the transformation process, is referred to as polymorphic transition.
During the breakdown of polymers, which is a relevant aspect of this topic, hydrolysis is the reaction that generally takes place. This involves the cleaving of covalent bonds and is endothermic, meaning it requires the absorption of energy.
The energy released by bond breaking, if the process is endothermic, is often utilized in various biological processes, for instance, the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP releases energy used to drive biochemical reactions.
Bond energy is crucial here as it represents the energy required to break a covalent bond and is a significant factor in the stability and reactivity of molecules. More energy being required for the transformation indicates a higher-energy polymorph.
The breaking and forming of bonds are central to the concept of polymorphic transitions, with the enthalpy change or heat of reaction reflecting the energy required or released during these processes in accordance with the law of conservation of energy.