Final answer:
An anion is a negatively charged ion formed when a neutral atom gains electrons, resulting in an excess of electrons over protons. option c is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
option c is correct The ion that is negative and is defined by an excess in electrons (electron gain) is called an anion. When a neutral atom gains electrons, it acquires a negative charge. A classic example is chlorine, which can gain one electron to become Cl−, or oxygen, which can gain two electrons to become O2−. The excess of electrons gives the atom a negative charge because it has more electrons than protons. On contrary, a cation is a positively charged ion formed when a neutral atom loses electrons.
An anion is a negative ion that is defined as an excess in electrons or electron gain. When a neutral atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a negatively charged anion because there are more electrons than protons. For example, chlorine gains one electron and becomes a chloride ion with a -1 charge.