Final answer:
The description of anion-cation bonds taking exactly 1/2 of the anion charge refers to hypervalency, which is related to the bonding in molecules with a central atom having more than eight electrons in its valence shell. Covalency, on the other hand, involves equal sharing of electrons in a bond, as demonstrated by the hydrogen molecule (H-H) bond.
Option c is correct
Step-by-step explanation:
Option c is correct When some anion-cation bonds take exactly 1/2 of the anion charge, the concept being described is called hypervalency. This phenomenon is often associated with molecules or ions that contain a central atom with more than eight electrons in its valence shell, thus allowing it to form more than the typical number of bonds. In contrast, covalency refers to the situation where electrons are shared equally between two atoms, forming what is known as a covalent bond. An example of a covalent bond is the hydrogen molecule where two hydrogen atoms share a pair of electrons (H-H). The valence bond theory further explains covalent bonding as the overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals that yield a pair of shared electrons between bonded atoms.
The correct answer is A. Covalency. When some anion-cation bonds take exactly 1/2 of the anion charge, it is known as covalency. In a covalent bond, electrons are shared between two atoms rather than being transferred completely.
Covalent bonds result from the overlap of half-filled atomic orbitals that yield a pair of electrons shared between the two bonded atoms. This sharing of electrons creates a force that physically links the two atoms, forming a covalent bond.
For example, in a hydrogen molecule (H2), two hydrogen atoms share their solitary electrons to form a covalent bond.