Final answer:
Unpolarized light vibrates in all directions, whereas polarized light vibrates in a single direction due to the use of materials like Polaroid filters that allow only one polarization to pass through.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is B. Unpolarized, polarized. Unpolarized light vibrates in all directions perpendicular to the axis of propagation, whereas polarized light vibrates in only one direction. This is because unpolarized light, like that produced by the sun, comprises many waves with different directions of polarization. In contrast, polarized light has been filtered through materials such as Polaroid, which contain long molecules aligned in such a way that they only allow light with a specific polarization to pass through, effectively oscillating in a single plane.
Polarization can also occur by reflecting where unpolarized light becomes more horizontally polarized after interaction with a surface. This is because the vertical components of the light are preferentially absorbed or refracted, leaving a larger portion of the reflected light horizontally polarized.