Final answer:
option b,Electronegativity is the correct answer and refers to the ability of an atom within a compound to attract electrons towards itself.
Step-by-step explanation:
Electronegativity is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons (or electron density) towards itself. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is B. Electronegativity.
Electronegativity is determined by the atom's ionization energy and the atom's electron affinity. It is the property of an atom in a compound, indicating how strongly it can attract and hold onto the electrons in a bond. Atoms that have high electronegativity typically have a large (negative) electron affinity and a high ionization energy, which allows them to attract electrons from other atoms while resisting the loss of their own electrons.
As we move across a period in the periodic table, electronegativity and ionisation energy increase while atomic radius decreases. Conversely, down a group, atomic radius and density increase whereas electronegativity decreases. Such trends are central to understanding an element's chemical reactivity.