Question

What is a fixed ratio schedule? What is a variable ratio schedule? Provide an example that illustrates each schedule.

A) Fixed Ratio Schedule: Reinforcement is delivered after a specific number of responses; Example: A factory worker is paid for every 10 items produced.
B) Variable Ratio Schedule: Reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses; Example: Playing a slot machine where the payouts are random.
C) Fixed Ratio Schedule: Reinforcement is delivered at irregular intervals; Example: Checking your phone for messages, which may arrive after every 5 notifications.
D) Variable Ratio Schedule: Reinforcement is delivered after a consistent number of responses; Example: A student is praised after every third correct answer in class.

Answer 1

A fixed ratio schedule provides reinforcement after a set number of responses, like a factory worker paid per items produced, while a variable ratio schedule is unpredictable, such as payouts from a slot machine, and it encourages consistent responses.

Step-by-step explanation:

Understanding Fixed and Variable Ratio Schedules

A fixed ratio schedule involves delivering reinforcement after a specific, consistent number of responses. For example, a factory worker receiving payment for every 10 items produced is operating under a fixed ratio schedule. This reinforcement schedule is predictable and can lead to a high rate of response, with a short pause after reinforcement.

On the other hand, a variable ratio schedule provides reinforcement after an unpredictable number of responses, which can vary each time. For instance, slot machines operate on a variable ratio schedule, where the payouts are random after an unknown number of plays. This schedule tends to yield a high and steady response rate, with little pause after reinforcement, making it highly resistant to extinction.

These reinforcement schedules are key concepts in the study of operant conditioning, a type of learning where behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them.