Final answer:
A conditioned reinforcer is initially a neutral stimulus that gains reinforcing value through association with a primary reinforcer, such as money gaining value when paired with more intrinsically valuable rewards. Examples like money and token systems become reinforcing when they can be exchanged for primary reinforcers like food or pleasure.
Step-by-step explanation:
What is a conditioned reinforcer, and can you provide examples? How did the stimulus in each example become a conditioned reinforcer? The correct answer is B) A conditioned reinforcer is initially neutral but gains reinforcing value through association; Examples: Money, Tokens; These stimuli become reinforcing through pairing with primary reinforcers.
A conditioned reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer, does not initially have intrinsic value to a person or an animal. Yet, it becomes valuable because it is consistently paired with a primary reinforcer, which has innate reinforcing qualities, such as food or water. For instance, if a child is given money every time they complete a chore well, the money (conditioned reinforcer) is paired with the satisfaction or pleasure of receiving something of value (primary reinforcer). Over time, the child learns to associate the money with the positive experience of receiving primary reinforcement.
Another example is a token system where tokens are given as a reward and can be exchanged for prizes or treats. The tokens themselves are of no inherent value, but gain reinforcing properties through their association with the primary reinforcers they can be exchanged for.