Final answer:
Operant conditioning modifies behavior through different techniques such as positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. The scenario mentioned requires identifying which technique is most likely being used without details being provided. Positive reinforcement adds a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior, negative reinforcement removes an aversive stimulus to increase it, punishment decreases a behavior, and extinction occurs when a conditioned response diminishes as reinforcement stops.
Step-by-step explanation:
The behavioral technique being questioned is related to operant conditioning. In operant conditioning, behavior is modified through reinforcement or punishment following the behavior, with the goal of either increasing or decreasing it over time. The choices given include: a) Positive reinforcement, which involves adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior; b) Negative reinforcement, which includes removing an aversive stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated; c) Punishment, which either adds an undesirable stimulus or removes a desirable one to decrease a behavior; and d) Extinction, which refers to the decrease in a conditioned response when the reinforcement is no longer presented.