Final answer:
In biotechnology, genetic profiling is the process used to analyze variable parts of a genome to detect genetic differences between individuals. It employs techniques like next-generation sequencing and DNA microarrays to identify unique genetic markers for individual identification and analysis of genetic traits.
Step-by-step explanation:
In biotechnology, the process of analyzing variable parts of a genome to detect genetic differences between individuals is called genetic profiling. This involves comparing DNA sequences to identify unique genetic markers that can help differentiate one individual from another.
Unlike gene synthesis, which is creating artificial DNA sequences, or DNA replication, which is the process by which a cell copies its DNA, genetic profiling looks at the existing variations within the genetic code across different individuals. Furthermore, while genome sequencing refers generally to determining the order of nucleotides in a genome, genetic profiling focuses specifically on analyzing those variations to provide a genetic identity.
Genetic profiling is a powerful tool in biotechnology, with applications in fields such as forensics, paternity testing, and personalized medicine. It often involves the use of technologies like next-generation sequencing and DNA microarrays, which allow for rapid and comprehensive analysis of genetic information. Through these methods, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and other genetic variations can be detected, providing insights into individual genetic predispositions.