Final answer:
The terms splanchnic, adrenergic, preganglionic, and orthostatic relate to functions of the autonomic nervous system and physiological responses, with 'splanchnic' referring to the internal organs, 'adrenergic' to the activation by adrenaline or noradrenaline, 'preganglionic' to neurons connecting the CNS to a ganglion, and 'orthostatic' to upright positions or related conditions like hypotension.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms mentioned are related to the autonomic nervous system, which manages involuntary physiological functions. Here are the definitions:
Splanchnic: Relating to the viscera or internal organs, especially those of the abdominal cavity. Splanchnic nerves are part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate these organs.
Adrenergic: Referring to structures or processes that are activated by adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), such as adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.
Preganglionic: Describing neurons that connect the central nervous system to a ganglion in the autonomic nervous system. For example, preganglionic parasympathetic neurons originate in the brain or sacral spinal cord, and preganglionic sympathetic neurons originate in the thoracic or lumbar spinal cord.
Orthostatic: Pertaining to an upright posture or position. Orthostatic hypotension is a condition characterized by a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, which can result in dizziness or fainting.