Final answer:
To create a transgenic organism, a cloning vector, like a plasmid, is used to transport source DNA into a cell. The correct answer is a) Vector. Plasmids are common vectors that carry foreign DNA into host cells for replication and study of specific genes.
Step-by-step explanation:
To create a transgenic organism, researchers must use a cloning vector, such as a plasmid, to carry source DNA into a recipient cell. The correct answer to the question is a) Vector. A cloning vector is a DNA molecule that is used to introduce foreign DNA into a suitable host organism. Molecular cloning involves the insertion of a specific piece of DNA into the vector to create a recombinant DNA molecule. This recombinant DNA molecule can then be introduced into the host cell to proliferate, or clone, the DNA fragment. Various types of vectors exist, with plasmids being one of the most commonly employed due to their capacity to replicate independently within bacterial cells.
In cloning processes, plasmids serve as 'folders' that receive the DNA fragment of interest, known as foreign DNA or a transgene. After the DNA fragment is ligated to the plasmid, it is introduced into the bacterial host for proliferation. As the bacterium replicates its DNA, it also replicates the plasmid DNA, thereby cloning the inserted foreign DNA. This technique is essential for gene manipulation and the study of specific genes.