Final answer:
The statement that is not an expression of groupthink is 'Encouraging diverse opinions and perspectives', which promotes open discussion and prevents the conformity and unanimity often associated with groupthink.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that is NOT an expression of groupthink is: Encouraging diverse opinions and perspectives. Groupthink involves the practice of aligning with group consensus, which often results in the suppression of individual opinions and dissent. Characteristics of groupthink include pressuring dissenting members to conform, seeking consensus without critical evaluation, and the presence of directive leadership that might discourage open discussion.
To avoid groupthink, it is advised to adopt several strategies such as seeking outside opinions, conducting thorough research on all viewpoints, and encouraging a democratic leadership style that fosters participation and consensus-building, while being open to diverse opinions. It is critical to counteract the symptoms of groupthink, which include the perception of invulnerability and moral correctness, self-censorship, an illusion of unanimity, and stereotyping those with differing viewpoints.
It's essential for group dynamics to embrace open-mindedness and inquiry, as this supports a healthy decision-making process that respects and considers all opinions. This contrasts sharply with groupthink, which tends to stifle individual expression and can lead to flawed group decisions.