Final answer:
True, the primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause infection or spoilage, as these can affect human health and food quality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the primary targets of microbial control are microorganisms that cause infection or spoilage is true. Microbial control aims to prevent the spread of human disease by controlling the growth and abundance of microbes in or on various items frequently used by humans.
Such items are known as fomites and include doorknobs, toys, or towels. The level of cleanliness required for a fomite depends on its use and the infectious agent it may be contaminated with.
Moreover, microbes that cause infections or spoilage can significantly affect health and industries such as the food sector, which requires particular attention to prevent foodborne diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.
Pasteurization is an example of a microbial control method used to kill pathogens and reduce the number of microbes that can cause spoilage in food while trying to maintain food quality.